跨行政区生态环境协同治理绩效问责机制构建与应用——基于目标管理过程的分析框架

问责目标的整体性、问责过程的有序性以及问责标准的统一性是跨行政区生态环境协同治理绩效问责机制的根本特性。基于目标管理过程分析框架,以整体性绩效责任目标的实现为中心,构建了包括绩效责任目标确定、目标执行、目标评估、目标反馈和目标改进五个环节的跨行政区生态环境协同治理绩效问责机制基本框架。通过对京津冀地区进行应用检验,证实了该基本框架不仅在理论上具有很强的解释力,在实践中也有助于增强跨行政区生态环境协同治理绩效问责的可操作性。     

Socio-political tensions in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) development in low-income Asian cities

International development agencies, with the help of the central government, support building state of art Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in low-income Asian cities. However, BRT investment over indigenous modes of mobility is creating socio-political tensions at the local level. This article uses multi-level governance as a theoretical lens to examine the relationships among actors in BRT investment decisions in Bandung and Surabaya, Indonesia. The research finds that local stakeholders can distort national and supranational policy initiatives totally or in a way that while projects are delivered, they are of limited use to the local communities they intended to help.     

行政立法中的最好行政

在现代社会,行政除扮演“传送带”角色外,还承担起积极的形成功能。因此,现代行政法在守望司法审查面向的传统控权理念的同时,还应当加强对行政实体问题的关注。对涉及大量管制事项的行政立法而言,这就需要在“最好行政”的指针下,选择恰当的管制方式,并经由整体制度的设计,实现管制目标,促进公共福祉。     

公司秘书与公司治理

公司秘书是公司经营过程中不可缺少的高级管理人员。公司秘书不仅是公司治理的守门人 ,而且在公司与其成员之间 ,公司内部各组织机构之间的关系协调中发挥着桥梁作用。我国公司中的秘书仍然囿于传统的观念 ,其地位和职责远未法律化 ,抑制了其在公司治理中应有的作用。因此 ,需要从立法的高度对公司秘书进行角色定位 ,使其成为公司的法定机关     

西方新城市管理：理论轮廓与反思

近十几年来,公共服务途径经历了重大转型。一个多世纪建立起来的公共服务精神受到了新公共管理理论的挑战。新公共管理理论主要依赖私部门管理实践,强调将竞争引入公共服务领域的重要性。实践中,新公共管理力求将市民(公民)定义为产品的消费者或公共服务提供者的顾客。研究显示,尽管新公共管理运动促进了某些城市服务的改进,但也存在严重局限。主要表现在它不能释放改进公共服务的关键动力———市民和社区能量。作为一个整体,城市领导者与管理者在重塑公共服务改革议程中有着关键作用。作为改进城市治理质量,必须处理3大关键挑战。并将这一途径称为“新城市管理”,以寻求管理变革与地方政治复兴的融合。     

Violence,fear, and development in Latin America: a critical overview

This introduction presents the core concepts that shape this special issue on the impact of violence and the processes of development in Central and South America. The understanding of development is considered in terms broader than the economic context alone, in order to assess wider social and political aspects. With a similarly expansive scope, forms of violence are addressed that range from direct physical harm and bodily attack to the often more subtle aggression of racialised abuse or the pressures on community-centred production from dominant market forces. In these contexts, violence, economic initiatives, and political allegiances form unintended and often dangerous networks of consequence for development matters. All the articles in this volume exemplify further the spatial environments of violence and diverse ‘landscapes of fear’ that shape our existence and help to define our actions, territories, and understanding of what happens around us.     

Social capital

In parallel with, and as a complement to, globalisation, ‘social capital’ has enjoyed a meteoric rise across the social sciences over the last two decades. Not surprisingly, it has been particularly prominent across development studies, not least through heavy promotion by the World Bank. As a concept, though, as has been argued persistently by a minority critical literature, social capital is fundamentally flawed. Although capable of addressing almost anything designated as social, it has tended to neglect the state, class, power, and conflict. As a buzzword, it has heavily constrained the currently progressive departure from the extremes of neo-liberalism and post-modernism at a time of extremely aggressive assault by economics imperialism. Social capital should not be ignored but contested – and rejected.     

地方治理理论的启示

地方治理理论作为研究公共事务的一个新的分析框架,是新兴的治理理论基本理念在地方政府层面的具体化。地方治理理论对于地方政府治理和改革实践,具有三个方面的重要启示:地方政府应当是公共服务的提供者、公共秩序的维护者、公共利益的保障者和公民参与的推动者;应当构建积极的公民资格,培育强烈的公民精神;应当逐步建立和完善公民参与网络,为地方治理的发展奠定坚实的基础。     

Citizenship: a perverse confluence

This article discusses the different meanings that citizenship has assumed in Latin America in the past few decades. Its main argument is that, in the perverse confluence between neo-liberal and democratic participatory projects, the common reference to citizenship, used by different political actors, projects an apparent homogeneity, obscuring differences and diluting the conflict between those projects.     

试论现代政府管制能力--概念缘起、内涵与中国的对策

提升现代政府管制能力是现代政府的永恒主题.近年来,政府管制能力问题业已成为重要的话题.从公共行政学的角度来看,现代政府管制能力与政府管制职能、政府管制权力、政府管制制度相关,是一种特殊的政府能力.这一判断构成提升中国政府管制能力对策的理论基础.